DEFINITION:

Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong disease that keeps your body from using insulin the way it
should. People with type 2 diabetes are said to have insulin resistance. It is the most common
type of diabetes comprising 80% to 90% of all cases of Diabetes Mellitus.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
• Intra-abdominal (visceral) obesity.
• Hypertension
• Dyslipidemia (high triglyceride and low HDL-cholesterol levels; postprandial hyperlipidemia
• Yeast infections that keep coming back
• Feeling hungry
• Weight loss without trying
• Getting more infections.

CAUSES:

 Type 2 is the most common form of diabetes mellitus and is highly associated with
• Family history of diabetes
• Older age
• Obesity
• Lack of exercise
• Women with a history of gestational diabetes.

Do you know what is Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

TREATMENT:

 Management of type 2 diabetes includes:
• Healthy eating
• Regular exercise
• Weight loss
• Possibly, diabetes medication or insulin therapy
• Blood sugar monitoring
 These steps will help keep your blood sugar level closer to normal, which can delay or
prevent complications.

Diabetes medications:

 If you can’t maintain your target blood sugar level with diet and exercise, your doctor may prescribe diabetes medications that
help lower insulin levels or insulin therapy. Drug treatments for type 2 diabetes include the following.
 Metformin (Fortamet, Glumetza, others) is generally the first medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes. It works primarily by
lowering glucose production in the liver and improving your body’s sensitivity to insulin so that your body uses insulin more
effectively
 Sulfonylureas help your body secrete more insulin.
 Glinides stimulate the pancreas to secrete more insulin. They’re faster acting than sulfonylureas, and the duration of their
effect in the body is shorter.
 Thiazolidinediones make the body’s tissues more sensitive to insulin.
 DPP-4 inhibitors help reduce blood sugar levels but tend to have a very modest effect.
 Insulin therapy
 Some people who have type 2 diabetes need insulin therapy. In the past, insulin therapy was used as a last resort, but today it
may be prescribed sooner if blood sugar targets aren’t met with lifestyle changes and other medications.